Why Customer Lifetime Value Drives Affiliate Marketing ROI
Why Customer Lifetime Value Drives Affiliate Marketing ROI
- Introduction: Why CLV Matters in Affiliate Marketing—Beyond the First Click
- The State of Affiliate Marketing in 2025
- Why CLV Is Now Central to Affiliate Marketing
- Investor Expectations and Market Trends in 2025
- CLV as a Strategic Growth Lever
- Our Analytical Framework: From Data to Impact
- Conclusion: Putting CLV at the Heart of Your 2025 Affiliate Marketing Playbook
- Demystifying CLV: Definitions, Calculation Methods, and Key Data Points
- Defining CLV in Affiliate Marketing: Moving Beyond the First Conversion
- How to Calculate CLV: Formulas, Data Inputs, and Industry Nuances
- Industry Context and Nuances
- Industry Benchmarks: What Does “Good” Look Like in CLV?
- Practical Benchmarks from Leading Affiliate Programs
- CLV vs. CPA and Conversion Rate: Why CLV Gives the Full Picture
- Case Example: Affiliate A vs. Affiliate B
- Key Takeaways: CLV as the Strategic Imperative
- CLV as a Performance Metric: Impact on Affiliate Program Strategy and ROI
- The Rising Importance of Customer Lifetime Value (CLV) in Affiliate Programs
- From Immediate Conversions to Enduring Value
- How CLV Reshapes Commission Structures and Partner Selection
- Case Studies: iGaming and Forex Prove the ROI
- CLV, CAC, and the Bottom Line
- Segmenting and Targeting: Using CLV Data for Smarter Affiliate Campaigns
- Introduction
- CLV-Driven Segmentation: Moving Beyond Vanity Metrics
- Technical Requirements: Capturing and Operationalizing CLV Insights
- Segmentation Strategies in Action: Aligning Partner Incentives
- Key Takeaway
- Real-World Applications: Case Studies and Practical Implications
- Retail: Dynamic Commissions and High-Value Affiliate Segmentation
- iGaming: Retention, Loyalty, and Real-Time CLV Optimization
- SaaS: Optimizing Onboarding and Retention for High-CLV Segments
- Loyalty Programs and Optimized Onboarding: Unlocking High-CLV Growth
- CLV Analytics Tools: Enabling Agile, Real-Time Decisions
- Lessons Learned: What Drives High-CLV Affiliate Program Success
- CLV vs. Traditional Metrics: Comparative Analysis and Benchmarking
- Traditional Affiliate Metrics: Still Essential, But Increasingly Incomplete
- Where CLV Adds Incremental Value—and Why the Best Brands Use It
- Comparing Outcomes: The Impact of Shifting to CLV-Centric Affiliate Strategies
- Where CLV May Be Less Relevant
- Key Takeaways and Action Steps for Affiliate Leaders
- Strengths, Limitations, and Recommendations: Is CLV the Right Focus for Your Affiliate Program?
- The Strategic Role of CLV in Affiliate Marketing
- Strengths: Why CLV Is a Strategic Lever for Affiliate Programs
- Limitations: The Operational and Analytical Hurdles of CLV in Affiliate Marketing
- Actionable Recommendations: When and How to Prioritize CLV in Your Affiliate Strategy
- You’re ready to prioritize CLV if:
- Best Practices for Implementation
- Key Takeaway

Introduction: Why CLV Matters in Affiliate Marketing—Beyond the First Click
The State of Affiliate Marketing in 2025
In 2025, affiliate marketing is bigger, faster-moving, and more competitive than ever before. The numbers speak for themselves: the global affiliate marketing industry is valued at $18.5 billion and is projected to reach nearly $28 billion by 2027 (Wix, AffiliateWP). North America commands over 40% of this revenue, and U.S. affiliate marketing spend alone is set to surpass $16 billion by 2028 (Hostinger). More than 80% of brands worldwide rely on affiliate programs, making the channel responsible for 16% of all online sales in the U.S. and Canada (Publift).
But the landscape is shifting beneath our feet. It’s no longer enough to measure success by clicks, traffic, or even top-line conversions. Investors and stakeholders are demanding evidence of sustainable, profitable growth. As a CMO who’s led teams through both rapid expansion and painful course corrections, I know firsthand: in 2025, Customer Lifetime Value (CLV) is the linchpin of a winning affiliate strategy—not a nice-to-have, but a non-negotiable lever for growth.
Why CLV Is Now Central to Affiliate Marketing
Traditionally, affiliate marketers focused on short-term wins—traffic, conversion rate optimization (CRO), and driving down Cost Per Acquisition (CPA). But as the market matures and budgets come under scrutiny, the entire industry is migrating from “How many sales did we close?” to “How much does each customer contribute, over their full lifecycle?” CLV answers this question by quantifying the total revenue a customer will generate throughout their relationship with your brand—not just their first purchase (PropellerAds).
This shift matters because the most successful affiliate programs—across SaaS, retail, iGaming, and beyond—are no longer rewarding partners for fleeting transactions. They’re incentivizing affiliates to deliver high-quality, high-CLV customers: buyers who come back, refer others, and expand their relationship over time. According to Phonexa, “High CLV means your affiliates are bringing in customers who keep coming back.” These repeat purchasers drive higher ROI and improve the efficiency of every dollar spent on acquisition.
Investor Expectations and Market Trends in 2025
Vanity metrics are out; investors now want proof of sustainable growth, not just spikes in top-line sales. Commission rates in verticals like SaaS (20–70%) and finance (35–40%) are increasingly tied to retention and customer quality—reflecting a broader move toward value-based payouts (Rewardful). Meanwhile, with Chrome and other browsers phasing out third-party cookies, and privacy regulations like CCPA and GDPR tightening, accurate tracking and first-party data strategies are now essential (Publift). Brands are replacing flat sponsorships with performance-based partnerships, leveraging influencer collaborations that drive a 46% lift in sales—particularly when those sales are tracked and optimized for long-term value, not just initial conversions (Hostinger).
Omnichannel attribution is the new norm. As platforms like TikTok, Instagram, YouTube, and Discord fragment the customer journey, it’s no longer enough to know who clicked—you need to know who sticks. The rise of server-side tracking and AI-powered analytics is forcing marketers to move beyond last-click attribution, toward models that prioritize retention, repeat purchase, and CLV.
CLV as a Strategic Growth Lever
When you optimize for CLV, you’re not just collecting more data—you’re fundamentally reshaping your affiliate program for sustainable growth. Programs that prioritize CLV achieve higher ROI, more efficient budget allocation, and predictable revenue. Consider this: a B2B SaaS affiliate program that tracks not just signups, but the conversion rate from trial to paid subscription and long-term churn, can identify which partners deliver the highest-CLV cohorts. This allows for confident increases in acquisition spend, knowing that the payback window is short and profit is real (GetReditus). The result? More predictable revenue, reduced wasted spend, and a stronger case for scaling partner investment.
Practical examples abound. In the iGaming sector, operators who prioritize CLV-driven retention strategies (like bonuses and loyalty offers) see a 20% lift in average revenue per user and a 30% increase in second-month retention. Retailers using UpPromote analytics have paused campaigns and retrained underperforming affiliates in response to declining CLV—restoring profitability within a single quarter. Across industries, brands that build CLV into their affiliate program DNA consistently outperform those chasing one-off conversions.
Our Analytical Framework: From Data to Impact
This article will break down how CLV transforms every phase of affiliate marketing—acquisition, partner management, attribution, and beyond. We’ll focus on the metrics that matter: CLV, CAC (Customer Acquisition Cost), the all-important CLV-to-CAC ratio, retention, and revenue per affiliate. Drawing on case studies from brands like TréSkin, UpPromote, and Angler Gaming, I’ll show how top-performing teams are leveraging cohort analysis, server-side tracking, and AI-powered dashboards to outpace their competition.
Throughout, you’ll find practical, results-driven insights tailored for marketers who need to drive measurable business impact. We’ll connect the dots between data, strategy, and bottom-line outcomes—demonstrating why affiliate marketers who embrace CLV are best positioned for sustainable growth, higher ROI, and durable competitive advantage.
If you’re still optimizing for clicks or single-sale conversions, you’re leaving money—and market share—on the table.
Conclusion: Putting CLV at the Heart of Your 2025 Affiliate Marketing Playbook
Let’s dive into the data, strategies, and real-world examples that will help you put CLV at the heart of your affiliate marketing playbook in 2025.
Metric | 2025 Affiliate Marketing Insights |
---|---|
Global Industry Value | $18.5 billion (2025); projected $28 billion by 2027 |
North America Revenue Share | Over 40% |
U.S. Affiliate Spend (Projected) | $16 billion by 2028 |
Brand Participation | 80%+ of brands use affiliate programs |
Share of Online Sales (U.S. & Canada) | 16% |
Commission Rates (SaaS) | 20–70% (more tied to retention & CLV) |
Commission Rates (Finance) | 35–40% (more tied to retention & CLV) |
Influencer Collaboration Impact | 46% sales lift when tracked for long-term value |
Retention Impact (iGaming) | 20% lift in average revenue/user; 30% increase in second-month retention |
Demystifying CLV: Definitions, Calculation Methods, and Key Data Points

Customer Lifetime Value (CLV): The Strategic Imperative in Affiliate Marketing
Customer Lifetime Value (CLV) is the metric that separates short-term affiliate wins from sustainable, compounding growth. In a landscape where investors are demanding real evidence of profitability and marketers are under pressure to do more with less, CLV is no longer a “nice-to-have”—it’s the north star for any affiliate program that intends to thrive beyond 2025.
Defining CLV in Affiliate Marketing: Moving Beyond the First Conversion
In an affiliate context, CLV quantifies the total revenue a referred customer generates for your business throughout their entire lifecycle—not just their first purchase or signup. This distinction is critical. While metrics like Cost Per Acquisition (CPA) and conversion rate are useful for measuring immediate campaign performance, they don’t answer the strategic question: Are you acquiring customers who will deliver value over months or years, or just one-time buyers?
- CLV reflects the cumulative value of a customer, encompassing repeat purchases, renewals, and upsell potential. As PropellerAds puts it, “LTV represents the total value a customer brings to a business throughout their entire relationship.”
- CPA measures what you pay to acquire a customer, but ignores their downstream value.
- Conversion rate measures the percentage of clicks or visits that result in a desired action, but says nothing about retention, loyalty, or true profitability.
As a CMO, I’ve seen the pitfalls of optimizing solely for CPA or initial conversions: programs balloon with low-quality leads, while the true ROI stagnates. Top-performing affiliate programs—whether in SaaS, iGaming, or retail—are now rewarding partners who deliver high-CLV cohorts. These are the affiliates who drive customers that return, subscribe, and expand their relationship, boosting the entire business’s lifetime value.
How to Calculate CLV: Formulas, Data Inputs, and Industry Nuances
Calculating CLV need not be complex, but it does require discipline and reliable data. The classic formula for most affiliate-driven businesses is:
CLV = Average Order Value (AOV) x Purchase Frequency x Retention Period
Let’s break it down:
- Average Order Value (AOV): The mean spend per transaction, typically $80–$120 for affiliate-driven retail sales (Partnero).
- Purchase Frequency: The number of purchases a customer makes in a specific time frame (monthly, quarterly, annually).
- Retention Period: How long the average customer stays active, measured in months or years.
Example:
If your average customer spends $50 per order, purchases 6 times per year, and stays active for 2 years, your CLV is $50 x 6 x 2 = $600.
Industry Context and Nuances
-
SaaS/Subscription:
CLV is usually calculated as (Average Monthly Revenue x Average Subscriber Lifespan in months) minus customer servicing costs. Churn rate is a critical input—high churn quickly erodes CLV. For best-in-class SaaS, churn rates hover around 2% per month, with CLV-to-CAC ratios of 3:1 to 5:1 (Admetrics, GetReditus). -
iGaming:
CLV is based on net gaming revenue (NGR), factoring in player losses, bonus costs, and churn. Top affiliates can deliver player CLVs of $400–$2,000, with retention-driven bonuses and real-time analytics standard for leading operators (Scaleo). -
Retail/eCommerce:
CLV calculations may subtract returns, discounts, and servicing costs, providing a true net value. Shopify reports mid-market brand CLVs typically fall between $150–$600.
The most robust CLV calculations account for all costs associated with servicing and retaining a customer, not just topline revenue. Sticky.io offers a practical equation:
CLV = (Average Revenue per Year x Customer Lifetime) – Customer Servicing Cost
For subscription models, always factor in churn. A high churn rate can halve your CLV overnight.
Industry Benchmarks: What Does “Good” Look Like in CLV?
CLV benchmarks vary widely by vertical and business model:
- Retail/eCommerce: $150–$600 per customer (Shopify). Content affiliate partners often drive AOVs 20% higher than other channels.
- SaaS: Leading programs target a CLV-to-CAC ratio of 3:1 or better. High-retention, high-ARPU SaaS can see CLV in the thousands. For reference, Amazon Prime members spend $1,400 annually versus $600 for non-members (Jake Jorgovan).
- iGaming: The focus is on retention and player stickiness. iGaming operators using CLV-driven retention strategies (personalized offers, loyalty programs) report a 20% increase in ARPU and a 30% lift in second-month retention. Top affiliates in this sector can deliver players with CLVs 5–10x the average (Scaleo).
Practical Benchmarks from Leading Affiliate Programs
- AOV for affiliate-driven retail: $80–$120 (Partnero)
- Churn rate (SaaS): 2% (best-in-class) to 10% per month (GetReditus)
- iGaming affiliate player CLV: $400–$2,000+ (Scaleo)
- CLV:CAC target: At least 3:1 for sustainable growth (Admetrics, The Retail Exec)
CLV vs. CPA and Conversion Rate: Why CLV Gives the Full Picture
CPA and conversion rate are necessary for campaign optimization, but they’re incomplete for long-term strategy. A high conversion rate may look impressive, but if those customers never return or immediately churn, you’re merely spinning the hamster wheel—high activity, low value.
CLV, in contrast, provides a holistic view. It’s the single metric that aligns acquisition, retention, and profitability. As Awin notes: “Tracking customer lifetime value shows you not only how much each customer brings in, but helps you track growth.”
Understanding CLV by affiliate, channel, or campaign allows you to:
- Adjust commission rates and bonuses to reward high-value referrals (see the iGaming sector’s move to dynamic, retention-based payouts).
- Double down on affiliates and sources that generate long-term value, not just volume.
- Maintain acquisition costs below your average CLV for positive, scalable ROI.
Case Example: Affiliate A vs. Affiliate B
- Affiliate A: Drives 100 new customers at $10 CPA, with an average CLV of $50.
- Affiliate B: Drives 30 new customers at $30 CPA, but their average CLV is $400.
Despite a higher CPA and lower volume, Affiliate B is worth far more to your business. Leading programs are shifting incentives and resources to these high-CLV drivers—a trend I’ve seen accelerate in every vertical from SaaS to eCommerce.
Key Takeaways: CLV as the Strategic Imperative
- CLV is the most important metric for understanding the true impact of your affiliate program on long-term business health.
- Accurate CLV calculation requires data on order value, purchase frequency, retention, and servicing costs—but even rough estimates beat flying blind.
- Benchmarks provide context, but your real goal is continuous improvement: segment by affiliate, channel, and cohort to reveal your hidden winners.
- Optimizing for CLV transforms your program from chasing short-term conversions to building a compounding engine for sustainable growth.
The affiliates who grasp and act on CLV are the ones who unlock exponential ROI—for their brands and themselves. In a market where budgets are scrutinized and every acquisition dollar must justify itself, there’s no safer bet than investing in what endures: customer lifetime value.
Term | Definition | Calculation/Key Data Points | Industry Nuances |
---|---|---|---|
Customer Lifetime Value (CLV) | Total revenue a customer generates throughout their entire relationship with the business | CLV = Average Order Value (AOV) x Purchase Frequency x Retention Period Or CLV = (Average Revenue per Year x Customer Lifetime) – Customer Servicing Cost | SaaS: Factor in churn rate, subscription lifespan, servicing costs iGaming: Based on net gaming revenue (NGR), includes bonus costs and churn Retail/eCommerce: Subtract returns, discounts, servicing cost for net value |
Cost Per Acquisition (CPA) | Amount paid to acquire a new customer | CPA = Total Cost of Campaign / Number of Acquisitions | Does not account for customer’s future value |
Conversion Rate | Percentage of visitors who complete a desired action | Conversion Rate = (Number of Conversions / Number of Clicks or Visits) x 100 | Measures immediate performance; does not reflect retention or loyalty |
Average Order Value (AOV) | Mean spend per transaction | Total Revenue / Number of Orders | Affiliate-driven retail AOV: $80–$120 |
Purchase Frequency | Number of purchases per customer in a given period | Total Purchases / Number of Customers | Varies by business model (monthly, annually, etc.) |
Retention Period | Average length of time a customer remains active | Measured in months or years | Critical for accurate CLV; shorter in high-churn industries |
Churn Rate | Rate at which customers stop doing business with a company | (Customers Lost during Period / Total Customers at Start of Period) x 100 | SaaS best-in-class churn: 2% per month; high churn erodes CLV |
CLV as a Performance Metric: Impact on Affiliate Program Strategy and ROI
The Rising Importance of Customer Lifetime Value (CLV) in Affiliate Programs
Customer Lifetime Value (CLV) has become the defining metric separating sustainable, high-performing affiliate programs from those trapped in the cycle of chasing quick wins. In today’s affiliate landscape, this shift isn’t just theoretical—it’s driven by hard economics and evolving market expectations. Over the past five years, customer acquisition costs (CAC) have soared by more than 60%, while the cost to retain an existing customer remains dramatically lower—often up to five times less expensive (Publift, Hostinger). In this climate, optimizing for CLV isn’t just smart, it’s essential for driving long-term growth and superior ROI.
From Immediate Conversions to Enduring Value
Traditionally, affiliate marketing success was measured by immediate conversions: clicks, sign-ups, or first-time purchases. But surface-level metrics like gross orders or net new customers often mask the true health of your program. As Phonexa’s latest report underscores, a high CLV signals that your affiliates are attracting customers who return, repurchase, and generate consistent revenue over time. This is the difference between building a leaky funnel and creating a compounding growth engine.
Take the iGaming sector as a case in point: Scaleo’s analysis shows that programs prioritizing customer retention and loyalty—not just first-time deposits—consistently outperform their peers. Operators leveraging CLV data are able to target bonuses, personalize offers, and launch loyalty programs that extend player lifespans, directly translating into higher retention rates and total program revenue. In practical terms, iGaming operators who implemented CLV-centric retention strategies (personalized bonuses, targeted loyalty campaigns) saw average player CLV jump by 20% and second-month retention increase by 30% (Scaleo).
How CLV Reshapes Commission Structures and Partner Selection
When you know the lifetime value of a customer, you can calibrate commission rates and marketing spend with surgical precision. The CLV-to-CAC ratio—ideally 3:1 or higher for most industries (Admetrics, The Retail Exec)—becomes your north star for investment. For example, if your average customer delivers $300 in lifetime value and your acquisition cost is $100, your program is on solid footing. If your ratio slips below that, it’s time to revisit your commission structures, partner mix, or onboarding flows.
Modern affiliate management platforms now offer “Lifetime Value by Affiliate” reporting, allowing brands to pinpoint which partners drive not just high traffic, but high-value, long-term customers. This is no longer a nice-to-have—it’s a strategic imperative. In B2B affiliate programs, Scaleo emphasizes selecting partners who influence real buying decisions and deliver ongoing engagement, rather than those who simply generate a surge of low-quality leads or last-click coupon traffic. This mirrors the approach taken by top SaaS affiliate programs, which reward partners based on trial-to-paid conversion rates and churn reduction, not just initial signups (GetReditus, Rewardful).
Commission structures are evolving in tandem. Dynamic payout models—where affiliates are compensated based on the CLV of their referred customers—are gaining traction in high-velocity verticals like Forex and iGaming. VT Affiliates, for example, uses real-time CLV analytics to adjust commissions on the fly, incentivizing partners to focus on quality and retention. In the SaaS sector, brands are blending one-time and recurring commissions, and introducing milestone bonuses for affiliates who surpass retention or ARPU benchmarks. The result: both operators and affiliates see higher earnings and reduced churn.
Case Studies: iGaming and Forex Prove the ROI
Let’s ground this in real-world results. In the iGaming space, operators who invested in robust CLV analytics and retention strategies—such as loyalty programs, targeted bonuses, and personalized player journeys—saw measurable lifts in both retention and revenue. Angler Gaming, for instance, increased its overall marketing spend by 82% in 2024, but the real breakthrough came from boosting player retention and CLV rather than just acquisition volume. The net result: a significant uplift in total program ROI and a more resilient, high-value player base.
In Forex, CLV is the great differentiator between average and top-earning affiliates. Leading affiliates go beyond the initial conversion, leveraging ongoing education and premium account offerings to keep traders active over longer periods. VT Affiliates’ platform delivers real-time alerts when referred traders show signs of disengagement, enabling proactive outreach and lifecycle extension—directly impacting affiliate commissions and partner ROI.
Platforms like Cellxpert are further raising the bar, integrating real-time CLV analytics and trend reporting so both affiliates and operators can spot upsell opportunities, optimize campaign timing, and reduce operational friction. Transparent operator-affiliate partnerships built on shared data routinely deliver $6.50 in revenue for every $1 invested. Across the board, programs that align commission rates and acquisition spend to actual CLV consistently outperform those optimizing for short-term volume alone.
CLV, CAC, and the Bottom Line
The data is clear: brands that align CAC and commissions to actual CLV outperform on both profitability and scale. With a robust CLV measurement framework, you can confidently ramp up acquisition spend, knowing every dollar is likely to generate three to five times its value over a customer’s lifetime (Scaleo, Admetrics). Conversely, programs that ignore CLV risk bleeding margin on expensive, low-value customers—a mistake that’s increasingly costly as CAC rises.
If you’re running an affiliate program today, it’s no longer enough to count net new customers or top-line revenue. The real question is: Are your affiliates bringing you customers who stick around, spend more, and drive compounding value? If yes, double down on those partners and reward them accordingly. If not, use CLV data to recalibrate your commission model, partner selection, and retention tactics—because in today’s affiliate landscape, long-term value isn’t just another metric. It’s the metric that determines who wins.
Aspect | Traditional Approach | CLV-Centric Approach |
---|---|---|
Primary Metric | Immediate conversions (clicks, sign-ups, first purchases) | Customer Lifetime Value (CLV), retention, repeat revenue |
Commission Structure | Flat or volume-based per conversion | Dynamic, based on referred customer CLV and retention |
Partner Selection | High-traffic affiliates, coupon/deal sites | Partners driving high-value, long-term customers |
Retention Strategies | Minimal, focus on acquisition | Personalized bonuses, loyalty programs, lifecycle campaigns |
Use of Analytics | Surface-level (gross orders, new customers) | “Lifetime Value by Affiliate” reporting, real-time CLV analytics |
ROI Outcomes | Short-term gains, potential for high churn | Higher retention, increased average CLV, improved ROI |
Adaptability | Static commissions, slow to react to changes | Real-time adjustments, milestone bonuses, proactive outreach |
Segmenting and Targeting: Using CLV Data for Smarter Affiliate Campaigns
Introduction
Segmentation and targeting are only as effective as the data behind them. In affiliate marketing, Customer Lifetime Value (CLV) is the metric that distinguishes programs chasing volume from those building true, long-term profitability. As we look toward 2025, the brands outpacing the competition are those using historic CLV data—layered with customer demographics and behavioral insights—to drive smarter affiliate segmentation, targeting, and partner alignment.
CLV-Driven Segmentation: Moving Beyond Vanity Metrics
The traditional affiliate model rewards volume: clicks, conversions, and short-term revenue. But leaders in the space are moving decisively toward quality—specifically, the quality of customers acquired and their downstream value. CLV-centric segmentation enables brands to move beyond surface-level metrics and focus on what really drives ROI.
Take the iGaming sector, where operators have adopted player CLV as a core performance signal. Rather than running generic campaigns, these programs use real-time behavioral data to trigger targeted bonuses, loyalty offers, and cross-sell opportunities for customers with high long-term value potential (Scaleo). The result: operators using CLV-focused retention strategies have seen a 20% increase in average revenue per user (ARPU) and a 30% lift in second-month retention.
Lifecycle segmentation is another practical approach. Instead of treating all customers the same, you group them by their relationship stage—newly acquired, active repeat buyers, or lapsed customers (Omnisend). For example, Baking Steel, an e-commerce brand, segmented its customers and tailored email content to each stage, generating $15 per welcome email and a 214% increase in post-purchase email revenue.
So, what does this mean for affiliates? If you can identify which partners consistently bring in customers who convert and stick around—those with high CLV—you can focus budget, resources, and incentives on the sources that actually drive long-term profitability. This is a sustainable growth lever, not a short-term fix. Affiliate programs that segment by CLV routinely see higher partner engagement, improved retention, and measurable lifts in ROI.
Technical Requirements: Capturing and Operationalizing CLV Insights
Building a CLV-driven affiliate program is impossible without robust data infrastructure. You need to capture and unify data streams from affiliate networks, CRM systems, e-commerce platforms, and analytics tools. As highlighted in the industry guide from Impact.com, “accurate tracking is the thread that ties everything together for brands, especially those running affiliate programs.” Real-time tracking—via JavaScript tags, cookies, postback URLs, and analytics dashboards—is essential for following the customer from first click to repeat purchase (PartnerCentric).
With privacy regulations like GDPR and CCPA now the norm, first-party data strategies and privacy-first tracking are non-negotiable. Brands must implement server-side (S2S) tracking, Conversion APIs, and consent management platforms (CMPs) to maintain both compliance and data integrity. Educating affiliates on UTM parameters, tracking links, and proper attribution ensures that CLV calculations remain accurate and actionable.
AI-driven analytics and automation are rapidly becoming standard. Modern affiliate platforms—including Scaleo, UpPromote, and IMD Business School case studies—offer built-in CLV analytics, predictive segmentation, and automated reporting. These capabilities allow marketers to adjust campaigns and commission structures in near real time, based on the actual lifetime value of referred customers. The operational impact is immediate: UpPromote reported an 86% increase in affiliate revenue within a year of implementing advanced tracking and segmentation.
Segmentation Strategies in Action: Aligning Partner Incentives
Rewarding affiliates for delivering high-CLV customers is no longer theoretical—it’s driving real gains in alignment and efficiency across the industry. In SaaS and iGaming, tiered commission structures are now commonplace: affiliates whose referrals exceed defined CLV thresholds receive higher payouts (Scaleo, Phonexa). This encourages partners to optimize not just for volume, but for loyalty and retention, directly impacting program ROI.
Another effective approach is to segment affiliates into distinct tiers or programs based on their historical performance with high-CLV cohorts. For example, a retailer using UpPromote analytics identified a segment of influencers with twice the average order value (AOV) and a 35% higher conversion rate, reallocating budget and resources to support their growth. The result: an 86% increase in affiliate-driven revenue within one year.
Dynamic segmentation also allows for rapid intervention. If CLV trends decline—perhaps due to low-quality traffic or misaligned incentives—brands can pause campaigns, retrain affiliates, or adjust creative on the fly. For instance, e-commerce brands using UpPromote’s real-time analytics have restored profitability within a quarter by identifying and correcting CLV drops before they impact the bottom line.
Key Takeaway
CLV-powered segmentation and targeting are now essential in affiliate marketing—not optional add-ons. Marketers who invest in capturing, integrating, and acting on CLV insights will outpace the competition, align partners around true value creation, and drive sustained, profitable growth. The industry’s leaders are moving beyond vanity metrics and volume-based incentives—rewarding affiliates who deliver high-CLV customers, optimizing for long-term ROI, and building programs that scale. The time to operationalize CLV as the north star of your affiliate marketing strategy is now.
Segmentation Strategy | Description | Example/Result |
---|---|---|
CLV-Centric Segmentation | Focuses on grouping customers based on their long-term value rather than short-term metrics. | iGaming sector uses player CLV to trigger targeted offers, resulting in 20% ARPU increase and 30% lift in second-month retention. |
Lifecycle Segmentation | Groups customers by their stage in the customer journey: new, active, or lapsed. | Baking Steel tailored email content per segment, generating $15 per welcome email and 214% increase in post-purchase email revenue. |
Partner Segmentation | Identifies and rewards affiliates who consistently bring high-CLV customers. | Affiliate programs see higher partner engagement, improved retention, and increased ROI. |
Tiered Commission Structures | Affiliates are rewarded with higher payouts for referrals exceeding CLV thresholds. | SaaS and iGaming sectors use this, optimizing for loyalty and retention. |
Affiliate Performance Segmentation | Affiliates are segmented and supported based on historical performance with high-CLV cohorts. | Retailer using UpPromote reallocates resources, resulting in 86% increase in affiliate-driven revenue in one year. |
Dynamic Segmentation & Intervention | Monitors CLV trends in real time to allow rapid campaign adjustments. | Brands restore profitability within a quarter by correcting CLV drops using UpPromote analytics. |
Real-World Applications: Case Studies and Practical Implications

The Power of Customer Lifetime Value in Affiliate Marketing
In affiliate marketing, metrics only matter if they drive smarter decisions and deliver measurable ROI. Customer Lifetime Value (CLV) stands out as the metric that separates high-performing programs from those simply chasing volume. Let’s examine how leading brands across retail, iGaming, and SaaS have put CLV at the center of their affiliate strategies, using real-world cases and actionable tactics.
Retail: Dynamic Commissions and High-Value Affiliate Segmentation
In retail, the difference between a one-time buyer and a loyal customer is the difference between a stagnant affiliate program and one driving sustainable, double-digit ROI. Brands leveraging platforms like UpPromote have embraced CLV analytics to segment affiliates based on the value and retention of the customers they drive. Rather than relying on flat-rate commissions, these retailers implement dynamic, product-level commission structures—offering higher payouts for products or collections with proven high CLV, and lower rates where margins are tight.
Consider the case of a global e-commerce brand that tracked Average Order Value (AOV) and repeat purchase rates by affiliate. Affiliates delivering cohorts with higher AOVs and superior retention were rewarded with bonus tiers and exclusive campaign opportunities. The results were clear: a 14% increase in revenue per affiliate and a 9% reduction in churn within their loyalty program segment—mirroring the industry shift from volume-based to value-based partnerships. As UpPromote’s data shows, segmenting affiliates and aligning incentives with CLV isn’t just fair, it’s fundamental for profitability.
iGaming: Retention, Loyalty, and Real-Time CLV Optimization
Nowhere is CLV more mission-critical than in the iGaming sector, where fleeting players burn budgets and loyal bettors drive sustainable growth. As Scaleo’s 2025 analysis notes, CLV is an “absolute game-changer” for iGaming affiliate programs. Leading operators segment players by projected lifetime value and tailor both affiliate rewards and retention strategies accordingly—using targeted bonuses, personalized offers, and loyalty programs to maximize the value of high-CLV sign-ups.
One top iGaming operator implemented real-time CLV analytics to monitor affiliate-driven cohorts. When an affiliate delivered a surge of new players with below-average retention, the operator rapidly adjusted onboarding resources and messaging. Meanwhile, affiliates bringing in sticky, high-value players received exclusive incentives and higher commission ceilings. The impact: a 17% lift in average player CLV and a 22% boost in net affiliate ROI, demonstrating the power of dynamic, data-driven partner management over static, last-click approaches.
SaaS: Optimizing Onboarding and Retention for High-CLV Segments
SaaS affiliate programs live and die by customer stickiness—recurring revenue is the ultimate goal. The most successful SaaS brands track affiliate performance beyond first conversions, analyzing the journey from trial sign-up through renewal and expansion. As Rewardful emphasizes, “tracking affiliate conversions can offer actionable tips—identify high-performing affiliates and help them scale further.”
A SaaS company using Rewardful’s analytics identified that certain affiliates excelled at generating trial sign-ups, but only a subset brought in users who renewed after 90 days. By analyzing CLV by affiliate, the company launched targeted onboarding for high-CLV segments—offering tailored training, onboarding webinars, and premium support. The result: a 31% increase in trial-to-paid conversion rates and a 12% reduction in churn among affiliate-referred customers. This echoes broader industry findings: SaaS affiliate programs that invest in onboarding and retention for high-value segments see a 15–25% ROI lift over 12 months.
Loyalty Programs and Optimized Onboarding: Unlocking High-CLV Growth
Deploying loyalty programs is no longer just a retention tactic—it’s a CLV multiplier. Retailers and iGaming operators alike are using affiliate-driven loyalty schemes to convert first-time or sporadic customers into repeat buyers. For example, a retailer tracked net orders versus gross and quickly identified affiliates whose customers had high return rates. By reallocating loyalty offers to affiliates with the best net CLV, they improved overall program profitability by 8% in a single quarter (Phonexa, 2024).
Onboarding is another strategic lever often overlooked. As PayQuicker notes, “A strategic, conversion-optimized affiliate onboarding process lays the groundwork for long-term affiliate success, higher revenue, and brand loyalty.” The best programs segment affiliates from the outset, providing high-CLV-focused partners with advanced materials, training, and direct support. This reduces customer time-to-value and accelerates both affiliate ramp-up and retention—mirroring the successful SaaS onboarding flows highlighted earlier.
CLV Analytics Tools: Enabling Agile, Real-Time Decisions
The shift from static, monthly spreadsheets to real-time analytics dashboards has been transformative for affiliate marketing. Modern platforms like Phonexa, UpPromote, and Trackier now offer live CLV metrics, automated commission adjustments, fraud prevention, and granular affiliate segmentation. As UpPromote puts it, “tracking ROI helps you make smarter budget decisions. Success in affiliate marketing hinges on effectively tracking and analyzing key performance indicators (KPIs).”
Brands that regularly review affiliate performance metrics see, on average, a 30% higher ROI than those that don’t (Forrester Research, cited by Callin). Real-time CLV data allows managers to “unlock the secrets to what’s working and what’s not,” reallocating spend, revising creative, or suspending underperforming partners within days—not months. For instance, an e-commerce brand using UpPromote’s dashboard identified an affiliate whose traffic had surged but whose customer CLV was dropping. By pausing campaigns, revising landing pages, and retraining the affiliate, they restored profitability in a single quarter.
Lessons Learned: What Drives High-CLV Affiliate Program Success
The data and case studies point to several clear lessons for marketers intent on building durable, high-ROI affiliate programs:
- Tailor commissions to actual customer value. Flat rates reward volume, not quality. Dynamic, CLV-based tiers incentivize loyalty and higher returns.
- Act on real-time data, not gut instinct. Programs that use current CLV metrics outperform those relying on lagging indicators and monthly reports.
- Invest in onboarding and loyalty for high-CLV segments. These investments compound in the form of lower churn, higher retention, and more engaged affiliates.
- Segment relentlessly. Not all affiliates—or customers—are created equal. Focus resources, bonuses, and support where they deliver the most lifetime value.
From my experience, the most profitable affiliate programs treat CLV as a living, actionable metric—not just a KPI to review at month’s end. With the right analytics, segmentation, and incentives, affiliate marketers can transform CLV insights into measurable, repeatable ROI gains. The roadmap is clear: measure what matters, act fast, and reward value over volume. That’s how you win—and keep winning—in the new era of affiliate marketing.
Industry | CLV Strategy | Tools/Platforms | Key Results |
---|---|---|---|
Retail | Dynamic commissions, affiliate segmentation by CLV | UpPromote | 14% increase in revenue/affiliate; 9% reduction in churn |
iGaming | Real-time CLV analytics, segmented rewards & retention | Scaleo | 17% lift in average player CLV; 22% boost in affiliate ROI |
SaaS | Onboarding & retention for high-CLV segments | Rewardful | 31% higher trial-to-paid conversion; 12% reduction in churn |
Loyalty Programs | Affiliate-driven loyalty offers based on net CLV | Phonexa | 8% improvement in program profitability (single quarter) |
Analytics/Onboarding | Real-time dashboards, optimized affiliate onboarding | UpPromote, Phonexa, Trackier | 30% higher ROI (regular metric review); restored profitability via campaign corrections |
CLV vs. Traditional Metrics: Comparative Analysis and Benchmarking
Evolving Affiliate Marketing Metrics: Why CLV Should Be the Centerpiece in 2025
Traditional Affiliate Metrics: Still Essential, But Increasingly Incomplete
Affiliate marketers have long relied on familiar metrics—Cost Per Acquisition (CPA), conversion rate, net orders, Earnings Per Click (EPC), and Average Order Value (AOV)—to benchmark program performance. These numbers are foundational: they reveal how efficiently you’re driving transactions and whether your acquisition costs are under control. But as the affiliate channel matures, I’ve seen firsthand that focusing solely on these transactional metrics is no longer enough. The real competitive edge in 2025 comes from understanding and optimizing for Customer Lifetime Value (CLV)—the ultimate indicator of long-term profitability and sustainable growth.
Let’s ground ourselves in the data. According to Partnero and Phonexa, the most-watched affiliate metrics remain EPC (with industry standards typically ranging from $0.20–$0.50 in retail), RPV (Revenue Per Visitor), AOV, and CPA. Desktop conversion rates still outperform mobile by 1.5 to 2 times, and organic search accounts for roughly 50% of affiliate-driven traffic. Net orders—sales completed, minus returns—remain critical for tracking true revenue impact, as high gross sales can mask hidden product or partner issues.
These metrics are indispensable for daily management. If your EPC falls below benchmarks, your top affiliates will lose motivation. If your CPA creeps above AOV, you’re burning margin on every transaction. And if net orders are lagging behind gross, you have a retention or product-fit problem to solve.
But here’s the catch: these metrics are inherently short-term and transactional. They tell you who bought, at what cost, and how often—this month. They don’t reveal whether those customers ever come back, how much more they’ll spend, or which partners are truly driving incremental growth.
Where CLV Adds Incremental Value—and Why the Best Brands Use It
This is where CLV—Customer Lifetime Value—rewrites the playbook. As Phonexa puts it, “High CLV means your affiliates are bringing in customers who keep coming back.” CLV shifts the focus from the value of a single order to the total revenue a customer generates over the length of their relationship. This is the metric that aligns affiliate marketing with the broader goals of retention, profitability, and sustainable ROI.
Consider the CLV-to-CAC ratio. The best-in-class benchmark is a minimum of 3:1; if you’re achieving 5:1 or higher, you may be under-investing in growth and missing scalable opportunities (Admetrics, The Retail Exec). A low ratio is a red flag: you’re spending too much to acquire customers who don’t stick.
Take Amazon Prime as a real-world example. Prime members spend approximately $1,400 annually—more than double the $600 average for non-members (Jake Jorgovan). Affiliates who drive Prime signups are exponentially more valuable than those who bring in one-and-done shoppers with low ARPU. In iGaming, CLV-focused programs have found that players acquired through certain affiliates generate up to 60% of high-value sign-ups, fueling the majority of net revenue growth (Scaleo, iGaming sector case studies).
Comparing Outcomes: The Impact of Shifting to CLV-Centric Affiliate Strategies
The most compelling evidence comes from brands that have made the jump to CLV-centric strategies. In the iGaming sector, operators who began measuring CLV across affiliate channels discovered that targeted retention strategies—bonuses, personalized offers, loyalty programs—drove a 20% increase in ARPU and a 30% improvement in second-month retention (Scaleo). This wasn’t theoretical; it translated directly into higher net revenue and lower churn.
SaaS affiliate programs tell a similar story. By moving beyond CPA models and rewarding affiliates based on retention and ARPU, these programs saw 15–25% year-over-year improvements in ROI (POWR). One Fortune 500 SaaS program used cohort analysis to find that educational content affiliates delivered users with 40% higher LTV than review-site partners. By reallocating spend and creative resources, they increased six-month retention by 18% and net revenue by 18% within six months.
Benchmarks across industries reinforce these trends. Brands that regularly analyze and act on CLV data report 30% higher ROI than those that don’t (Forrester, via Callin). Even small improvements in retention—just 5%—can drive profit increases between 25% and 95% (SAP Emarsys). Direct-to-consumer brands like TréSkin have generated over $120,000 in affiliate revenue in three months by focusing on retention and repeat purchases, not just new customer acquisition.
Where CLV May Be Less Relevant
CLV isn’t a cure-all. For programs focused on one-time events—concert tickets, seasonal launches, or pure lead generation—traditional metrics like CPA and conversion rate should remain at the center of your strategy. If your purchase cycle is inherently short and repeat business is rare, CLV adds little actionable value. But for any vertical with recurring purchases, subscriptions, or strong cross-sell potential—think SaaS, iGaming, DTC subscriptions, or fashion—CLV is the roadmap to compounding, sustainable returns.
Key Takeaways and Action Steps for Affiliate Leaders
- Track and reward value, not just volume. Use CLV data to identify and incentivize affiliates who deliver loyal, high-value customers—not just initial conversions.
- Balance short- and long-term KPIs. Continue to monitor CPA, EPC, and net orders for immediate campaign health, but let CLV and retention metrics guide strategic resource allocation and partner management.
- Benchmark aggressively. Target at least a 3:1 CLV:CAC ratio for profitable growth. Review affiliate and channel performance through this lens rather than short-term conversion volume alone.
- Iterate and realign. Programs that implemented CLV-focused incentives and segmentation saw 15–30% improvements in retention, ARPU, and overall profitability within a year.
The bottom line: If you’re optimizing solely for CPA or net orders, you’re measuring the wrong end of the customer journey. CLV isn’t just another metric—it’s the foundation of a high-performance affiliate program in 2025. In a market where sustainable growth and profitability are under the microscope, CLV is the metric that separates top-performing brands from the rest.
If you want not just more sales, but more valuable customer relationships—and a program that truly compounds ROI over time—CLV must move to the center of your affiliate strategy.
Metric | Traditional Metrics | CLV-Centric Metrics |
---|---|---|
Focus | Transaction efficiency, short-term acquisition | Long-term profitability, retention, loyalty |
Examples | CPA, Conversion Rate, Net Orders, EPC, AOV, RPV | Customer Lifetime Value (CLV), CLV:CAC Ratio, Retention Rate, ARPU |
Benchmark Values | EPC: $0.20–$0.50 (retail), CPA < AOV, Desktop conversion rates 1.5–2x mobile | CLV:CAC Ratio ≥ 3:1 (best-in-class: 5:1+), 20–30% increase in ARPU and retention with CLV focus |
Insights Provided | Immediate campaign health, cost control | Customer quality, incremental growth, sustainable ROI |
Brand Outcomes | Motivates affiliates for volume; identifies cost issues | 30%+ higher ROI, 15–30% improvement in retention and ARPU, higher net revenue |
Ideal Use Cases | One-time events, lead gen, short purchase cycles | Subscriptions, recurring purchases, DTC, SaaS, iGaming, fashion |
Limitations | Does not measure customer loyalty or long-term value | Less relevant for single-purchase or event-driven programs |
Strengths, Limitations, and Recommendations: Is CLV the Right Focus for Your Affiliate Program?

The Strategic Role of CLV in Affiliate Marketing
A recent Forrester study found that businesses actively tracking affiliate performance metrics see an average 30% higher ROI than those that don’t. Metrics drive results—but not all metrics are created equal. For affiliate marketers aiming for sustainable, profitable growth in 2025, Customer Lifetime Value (CLV) stands out as a true north. But before you elevate CLV to the centerpiece of your affiliate strategy, it’s essential to weigh its strengths and limitations—and ensure your organization is actually ready for this level of optimization.
Strengths: Why CLV Is a Strategic Lever for Affiliate Programs
Focusing on CLV fundamentally shifts your affiliate program from chasing short-term spikes to building long-term business health. The highest-performing brands—and their most valuable affiliate partners—optimize not for a flood of one-off buyers, but for the high-CLV customers who return, refer, and expand their relationship with your business.
Consider the iGaming sector: high-CLV players “keep coming back,” generating consistent, recurring revenue and justifying deeper investments in retention, loyalty, and cross-sell strategies (Scaleo). Operators who segment affiliates by CLV can double down on those partnerships that consistently deliver the best customer cohorts, not simply the most clicks.
The impact is tangible. TréSkin, for example, generated over $120,000 in affiliate revenue in three months by tracking not just order volume, but also customer retention and repeat purchase rates (UpPromote). This data-driven approach allowed them to identify and reward affiliates who delivered loyal, high-spending customers—dramatically improving ROI compared to programs optimizing for first-sale-only.
CLV is also a powerful tool for smarter resource allocation. Knowing your true customer value enables you to set acquisition budgets with confidence. Across most industries, a healthy CLV should be at least three times your Customer Acquisition Cost (CAC)—a 3:1 ratio is the strategic barometer (The Retail Exec, Admetrics). If your CLV:CAC ratio exceeds 3:1, you’re on solid ground; if it falls short, you risk burning cash on low-value customers, no matter how impressive your top-line conversion numbers.
Perhaps most importantly, CLV empowers you to manage your affiliate program like a high-performance portfolio. By segmenting partners based on the lifetime value of the customers they deliver, you can tailor commissions, launch exclusive promotions, or sunset underperforming relationships. This is how leading brands move from “hoping something sticks” to consistently compounding value across their partner network (LiveChat).
Limitations: The Operational and Analytical Hurdles of CLV in Affiliate Marketing
Despite its strategic promise, CLV is no silver bullet. Its biggest challenge? Data complexity. Integrating CLV data across your CRM, ecommerce, and affiliate platforms is a heavy lift—especially as privacy regulations (GDPR, CCPA) and the demise of third-party cookies make comprehensive attribution even harder (impact.com, Post Affiliate Pro). Real-time CLV calculations require seamless, privacy-compliant data flows; most organizations underestimate the resources and technical investment required.
Attribution windows are a particular sticking point. Many affiliate programs still operate on 7–30 day windows, while the true value of a customer—especially in SaaS, iGaming, or DTC subscription commerce—unfolds over months or years (Northbeam). This mismatch creates tension: if you only compensate affiliates for initial conversions, you risk underpaying those who drive high-CLV customers; if you attempt to pay out based on long-term value, you introduce cash flow delays and forecasting challenges.
Delayed feedback is another operational reality. CLV is, by definition, a lagging metric. Waiting months to see if a new affiliate is truly driving loyal, high-value customers slows down optimization cycles and can frustrate partners seeking timely recognition.
Finally, don’t underestimate the buy-in challenge—both internally and with affiliate partners. Many affiliates are accustomed to being paid for immediate sales, not future value. Shifting to a CLV-based model requires clear communication, education, and a level of trust that not every program has built. If you can’t transparently explain the “why” and “how” of CLV-based payouts, expect pushback or—even worse—partner churn.
Actionable Recommendations: When and How to Prioritize CLV in Your Affiliate Strategy
Not every program is ready to make CLV the centerpiece. Here’s a practical readiness checklist for results-driven marketers:
You’re ready to prioritize CLV if:
- You have integrated, reliable data across ecommerce, CRM, and affiliate platforms.
- Your attribution model can capture multi-touch journeys and assign value beyond the first sale.
- Both leadership and affiliate partners support a shift from short-term volume to long-term value.
- You can segment and reward affiliates based on the quality—not just quantity—of customers delivered.
If you checked all four boxes, CLV should move to the center of your affiliate strategy. Start by analyzing historical data to pinpoint which partners are delivering your highest-value customer cohorts (as in the Fortune 500 SaaS affiliate program that found educational content partners generated users with 40% higher LTV). Adjust commission structures to incentivize these top performers—consider tiered or recurring payouts for affiliates driving repeat business or subscriptions. This approach is especially effective in SaaS and subscription commerce, where loyalty compounds revenue (Partnerize).
If you’re not there yet, focus on foundational metrics like conversion rate, Average Order Value (AOV), and net orders (Phonexa, UpPromote) while investing in better data integration and end-to-end tracking. Test CLV-based bonuses with a select group of trusted affiliates—piloting a small bonus pool or recurring commission model before scaling.
Best Practices for Implementation
- Build trust through radical transparency. Clearly explain how CLV is calculated, what data is included, and how it impacts payouts.
- Use real-world case studies—like TréSkin’s $120K affiliate revenue lift or iGaming operators’ 20% ARPU boosts—to demonstrate the upside.
- Set clear KPIs for both acquisition and retention. Track CLV alongside churn, repeat purchase rate, and NPS (Retently).
- Ensure your attribution window matches your sales cycle, or adopt data-driven models that account for long-term value (Northbeam).
- Communicate proactively with affiliates. Solicit feedback, address concerns, and share actionable insights to align incentives.
Key Takeaway
CLV is a powerful lever for affiliate marketers committed to driving real, lasting ROI—not just short-term sales spikes. But its complexity demands operational rigor, robust data infrastructure, and true partner alignment. If you have the foundation and buy-in, CLV will transform your affiliate program into a sustainable growth engine. If not, focus on building that foundation—because when you’re ready, the upside is worth every ounce of effort.
Aspect | Strengths of CLV Focus | Limitations of CLV Focus |
---|---|---|
Business Impact | Shifts focus from short-term spikes to long-term business health and sustainable growth | CLV is a lagging metric, leading to delayed feedback and slower optimization cycles |
Affiliate Segmentation | Enables segmentation and rewarding of affiliates who deliver high-value, loyal customers | Attribution windows often mismatch actual customer value realization, complicating fair payouts |
Resource Allocation | Supports smarter acquisition budgets and ensures healthy CLV:CAC ratios | Requires significant data integration and technical resources across platforms |
Program Management | Allows for tailored commissions and management of affiliate relationships based on value delivered | Buy-in from both internal stakeholders and affiliates can be challenging; requires education and trust |
Industry Examples | Proven ROI improvements (e.g., TréSkin’s $120K revenue via retention, iGaming’s recurring revenue) | Privacy regulations and loss of third-party cookies make data collection and attribution harder |